Fundamental Attribution Error Essay Example for Free

Fundamental Attribution Error Essay The fundamental attribution error is when a person overestimates the influence of another person’s personality over a remark or behavior rather than giving credit to the influence the situation may have on the person. A famous experiment demonstrating this â€Å"error† was conducted by David Napolitan and George Goethals. In this experiment, they instructed a woman to act either rude and critical, or warm and friendly to each person individually. Half of the group was told that the woman would be acting spontaneously, and the other half was let in on the experiment. The result was that the assumptions about her personality did not change even though half the group had known that she was an actor. Each group assumed that because the woman behaved coldly, her personality was so. Even the group who was told that her behavior was situational had still believed that she was warm and friendly because of the way she was acting in the situation. Many times, we find that we commit this error. If we simply looked at a situation from the other person’s point of view, perhaps they were having a bad day; we would then understand their behavior and perhaps even become sympathetic toward them. This relates to me because I tend to make this error a lot throughout the day. Many times, however, it has to do with my situation as well. For example, if I am having a bad day, it makes me harder to sympathize and/or understand when someone else is having a bad day. It’s like I don’t see it. Their bad attitude is just like another notch of bad onto the belt of bad day: another thing that went wrong. However, if I stop to think about why this person is so snappy, I might be able to see that it is not just the type of person that they are, but it is perhaps the situation that they were put in.

Overcoming Misfortunes in Siddhartha :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Overcoming Misfortunes in Siddhartha On page 132 we read "Everything that was not suffered to the end and finally concluded, recurred, and the same sorrows were undergone." What does this mean in regards to Siddhartha and any other of the characters in Hesse's story? Do you agree with this statement? Explain. This quote is taken from the context of when Siddhartha is crossing the river and he sees his reflection and it looks like his father. This quote refers to a repeating of events. It is illustrated by Brahmin being separated from Siddhartha and Siddhartha being separated from his own son. This parallels the quote in three ways. Taken literally it identifies the "father-like-son" aspect of the situation. It can be taken as a metaphor for the endlessness of time as well. Taken out of context, this quote identifies that anything that is not followed or completely worked through will continue to exist and it will repeat itself. Siddhartha left his father, Brahmin, at a young age to join the ascetics. Siddhartha is now considering the pain his father must have gone through not seeing his son again. Siddhartha's son, too, was separated from his father. Without dealing with this situation, the distance between father and son would never be reconciled. Thus the situation Siddhartha had with Brahmin would be repeated. The quote can also be interpreted as a metaphor for time. Obvious recurrences can be noted in time, suggesting that time repeats itself. Instead of a river, another symbol can be used for time, perhaps a pool. According to this quote, things repeat themselves in time. In a pool objects float around until they finally make their way to the outlet. Events swirling around in time without reconciliation are "trapped" until they are dealt with. The entire pool makes up all that time is. All the experiences and thoughts of past, present, and future that have not been dismissed all contribute to the whole of time. If the quote stood alone, without the context of Siddhartha's reflections on his father and his son, it would state that anything that isn't finished through completion would forever hang in the cloud of time.

Narrator in the Cathedral Essay

In the story â€Å"Cathedral,† the author shares his experience with a blind man, a friend of his wife, who comes to visit their home. The author is troubled by the blind man’s visit for unclear reasons, but he attributes it to Robert’s (the blind man) disability. The narrator dislikes the blind and often refers to Robert as â€Å"the blind man† and was bothered by Robert’s visit to their home. The narrators experience with the blind man is an eye opener to him and changes his perspective towards blind people and his relationship with his wife. This essay examines why the narrator kept his eyes closed at the end of the story, and the fate of his relationship with his wife after the experience with Robert. The idea that the narrator dislikes the blind when he is limited to his own sight makes the story ironical. The narrator’s experience with the blind man (Robert) clearly shows his limitations in terms of his relationship with his wife and hi s perspective towards the blind and life. The narrator is insecure with Robert because Robert and his wife were once married (Carver, 1989). This reveals his negativity and crudeness. He talks in a wicked humor, showing how detached he was from his life. He is jealous of the past relationship between Robert and his wife, which he tends to hide despite his apparent honesty (Carver, 1989). The narrator realizes a lot about himself through his experience with Robert. He is always alone according to his wife and he stays up watching television as she goes to bed (Carver, 1989). This shows a poor relationship between the narrator and his wife, as well as the society. The narrator lives in isolation, which shows his adamant close-mindedness, apparently in his feelings and pre-convinced concepts of blindness. Robert appreciated the narrator’s wife more than the narrator did while the narrator is more than remote to her (Carver, 1989). He realizes this in their conversations that night and in his experience when conversing with Robert. The narrator realizes that Robert was better than him, despite his inability to see. When the narrator closes his eyes, he sees the reality that Robert has been trying to show him since they met. He realizes the importance of religion as He leads Roberts in drawing the Cathedral. Robert’s final instruction to the narrator â€Å"put some people in there now† is a wakeup call to the narrator (Shmoop, 2010). Robert shows the narrator the power of faith in something great. The narrator also realizes that relationships are not build by sight alone, but also by touch. The narrator’s wife described Roberts touch with passion, and when Robert squeezes the narrator’s hand upon meeting him. The narrator realizes that one can learn about a person through touch. The blind are not blinded by the physical world and they can see some greater truth (Shmoop, 2010). The narrator’s experience with Robert makes him understand how he has been living blindly despite having sight. In the Cathedral, the narrator experiences a revelation that is both religious, and a social awakening. He gains literal, as well as figurative insights. The narrator learns to live a better life with his wife and other people. He appreciates Robert’s company and the eye opening experience. The narrator and his wife will live a better life after the experience with Robert. This is because the narrator’s view of his wife has changed, and his jealousy of her relationship with Robert would diminish as he now understands it better. The narrator has also accepted Christianity, meaning as a Christian, he will be open to his wife and the society; thus, building a better relationship. He prefers closing his eyes to opening them since he sees the reality of his li fe better with his eyes closed than when opened. References Carver, R. (1989). Cathedral. Vintage Books. Shmoop. (2010). Cathedral: Shmoop Literature Guide. Shmoop University Inc.

Selection Plan For A Human Resource Management - 977 Words

Selection Plan A successful recruiting effort can leave the human resources (HR) staff with mounds of paper or electronic resumes or applications to read through. How does HR narrow hundreds, maybe thousands of applicants down to the target percentage? A selection plan outlines the screening tools HR will use to assess the candidates’ knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) and choose quality contenders to move forward in the selection process. This example will evaluate the job market and develop a selection plan for a Human Resources Assistant in a Texas corporation. Job Market Human resource management (HRM) handles monitoring and maintaining the human capital within an organization (Human Resource Information System, 2009). Selecting the perfect employee for a position with such charge is an undertaking because several candidates apply for the opening, but they may not meet the qualifications or have the job experience for the position. In 2013, 5.7% of Austin, Texas’ population consisted of employees in an â€Å"other office and administrative support workers including supervisors† occupation, making it the sixth highest ranking â€Å"most popular job† (City-Data.com, 2015, Most Common Occupations section, para. 1). In 2013, 5.7% of Austin’s population equaled to 49,229 workers (City-Data.com, 2015). Of that total, only 725 workers were males, making the job market for female administrative applicants much more competitive (City-Data.com, 2015).Show MoreRelatedEffective Human Resource Planning.1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe key to effective human resource management is human resource planning 1.0 Introduction Human Resources (HR) Management is a multifaceted function. This entity has an important place within companies in helping key personnel decide on the best staff for their needs, among other things. Sometimes, the employees chosen are full-time employees already working for the company or they could be contractors. Regardless, the goal of HR Management is to choose the most qualified person for the job. Read MoreHuman Resource Management Reflective Paper1450 Words   |  6 PagesHRM: Power of the People Since the beginning of time, people have been the most valuable resource available. Regardless of the goal or task, some level of human resource is required. This simple fact has created a vital need for effective Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resource Management is a function performed in organizations that facilitates the most effective use of people to achieve organizational and individual goals (Ivancevich, 2010). As society and organizations grow and becomeRead MoreHuman Resources Management– Case Study1421 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resources Management– Case Study Human resource management refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate)Read MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their re lationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreThe Key Functional Areas Of Human Resource Management1096 Words   |  5 PagesHRM 500 – Human Resource Management Foundations Kazmira Davis November 2, 2017 Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is concerned with the personnel and managerial practices and systems that influence the workforce. All decisions that affect the workforce of the organization concern the HRM function. The activities involved in human resource management functions are universal throughout any organization. This paper will discuss the key functional areas of human resource management and howRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Labor Relations951 Words   |  4 PagesName: Priyal Patel Course name: Human Resource Management and Labor Relations in the Aviation and Transportation Course number: 47-506-01-FA15 Human resource management in Aviation:Recruting and selection. Abstract The commercial aviation industry is safety-sensitive, high technology and extremely competitive service industry. The implications are vast and pervasive affecting no less than the organisation’s strategy, culture, and numerous operational activities.Read MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on the recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in an organization† (Heathfield ?). HRM is focused on how to make the company better with the help of the employees. â€Å"The HRM department members provide the knowledge, necessary tools, training, administrative services, coaching, legal and management advice, and talent management oversight that the rest of the organization needsRead MoreHuman Resource Management Reflective Paper1465 Words   |  6 PagesHRM: Power of the People Since the beginning of time, people have been the most valuable resource available. Regardless of the goal or task, some level of human resource is required. This simple fact has created a vital need for effective Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resource Management is a function performed in organizations that facilitates the most effective use of people to achieve organizational and individual goals (Ivancevich, 2010). As society and organizations grow and becomeRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 Pagesthis assignment we will examine how strategic management plans are established and redefine to keep the organizations moving forward in growth. Management promotes and brings about a change in the structure to keep it active and efficient in the approaches to achieving its goals and objective. The strategy behind the approaches correlation is what leads to actually implementing and providing data to analyze on an ongoing basis to enhance the strategic plan of the organization. The relationship betweenRead MoreProject Implementation Plan For Successful Project Management1526 Words   |  7 PagesProject Implementation Plan For successful project management, there is a need to have a good project implementation plan, which, is a single document that specifies the duties, dates, and who is in charge. Human Resources Plan The human resources plan is a device that directs the management, in detail, on the responsibilities and the roles, the acquiring of the human resources, training specialization needed, and individual time required per resource. A well planned and successful project is dependent

Analysis Of Fences By August Wilson - 1251 Words

Fences by August Wilson is a play about African American life during the 1950’s era, it reflects a transitional time where African Americans begin to stand up and fight against racism. The father son relationship is a centering conflict within the play Fences. Throughout the play we are immersed into this complex connection of Troy and his two sons, Cory and Lyon. Troy struggles to create an identity separate from what is forced on him through an oppressive society. His battle with identity streams into the life of Troy’s youngest son, Cory. In Analyzing the father and son relationships within Fences depicts how one often internalizes the negative effects of oppression, and then passes this way of thinking down through generations. As a child Troy possessed a great ability for baseball but due to racial constraints he was not given the chance to pursue his dream. Troy’s father reinforces racial problems through his role as father, and Troy is only encouraged to pursue â€Å"tangible† jobs like his father, since blacks had no real chance in the major leagues at that time. Troy’s father was a sharecropper but his farm was falling into debt . This leaves him feeling hopeless and incapable of providing for his family and fulfilling his role as a male. The economic hardships Troy’s father faces negatively impacts him and we see this through his actions. Soon Troy struggles to recognize his father for the man he once was and he even calls him â€Å"the devil himself† (Wilson, 52). ThereShow MoreRelatedFences Analysis On Fences By August Wilson1283 Words   |  6 Pages Fences Analysis In the play â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson the play’s attitude toward women is biased, and if the play was written by a female I think it would have a stronger feminine influence. Issues such as racism and discrimination against blacks may be raised in the play that the author did not bring up, and the women in the story somewhat do generally typify women in the 1950s. To support my interpretation, the women in the play were homebodies, just worrying about the household because theyRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1179 Words   |  5 PagesFences, August Wilson The close reading process for this play occurs in three stages: 1. First Read (Days 2 and Day 3): Students are not to cold read the play during this period. It is essential for their understanding that this first read comes from a fluent adult reader or (less ideally) from a recording of the play. Teachers should pre-select moments of tension or surprise when students should stop and jot their thoughts, ideas and questions about the text. The suggested cues for the openRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1340 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter who, for the most part, is a benevolent person, but suffers from his or her hamartia and hubris, which ultimately leads to their downfall and recognition of their poor choices, as well as the reversal of their situation. The play Fences written by August Wilson describes the struggles and hardships of an African-American family endeavoring to live the American Dream in the 1950s. Although some may argue that the main character, Troy, is not a tragic hero, evidence in the play fortifies that heRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1612 Words   |  7 Pages In August Wilson s play Fences, he uses his piece to explain that someone unable to control their actions caused by selfish, hatred, or angry emotions will cause issues in one s personal life, general decisions, and in family life. Wilson hopes to target people who can t control their emotions and wishes to prevent the negative effects of uncontrolled actions caused by negative emotion. The inability to control one s emotions can harm their friends, decision making, and family. Wilson mainRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesFences written by August Wilson, the setting reveals the man that Troy Maxson really is. The set of the play represents Troy Maxson’s character within the play where him and his family reside in a fenced in yard of Troy’s front porch, brick house. He is proud to provide a home for his family. However, Troy has not accomplished this achievement on his own. Which takes a toll on Troy when he realizes he has nothing to show for his life which leads Troy to feel ashamed of himself. The protagonist, TroyRead MoreAnalysis Of August Wilsons Fences 1800 Words   |  8 PagesAugust Wilsons â€Å"Fences† takes us on a journey that transforms the 20th century impression of a Negro Family with Insatiability, Tenderness, and Sacrifice. The famous play is an autobiography of an American Negro man who loses his dreams for the people he loves. Fences demonstrates us what sacrifice looks li ke and how egocentricity still exist today. Fences takes place with a family in Pittsburgh from 1957 to 1965. The characters are Troy, Bono, Rose, Lyons, Gabriel, Cory, and Raynell. Fï  ¥Ã¯  ®Ã¯  £Ã¯  ¥Ã¯  ³Ã¯â‚¬  Ã¯  ©s importantRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Fences `` By August Wilson867 Words   |  4 Pagesa family. August Wilson’s â€Å"Fences† portrays extremely well what happens when a member of the family decides to forget his or her duties. The use of metaphors and symbols throughout the play such as baseball and fences, illustrate exactly why Troy Maxson as a family man was destined for disappointment. Rose, Troy’s wife in the play was the obvious voice of reason between the two; all she wanted was an interrupted happy family life. The fences that she put up were not physical fences but ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1656 Words   |  7 Pagesand typically a positive thing. There are times, however, when the people that children emulate are not the best examples society has to offer. In the play Fences Cory looks up to his dad when it comes to sports. However, by the end of the play the reader starts to notice that Troy is not the man to look up to. The plot in Fences by August Wilson is centered around an African American family that looks at the world a little differently by that I mean when Troy was young people believed blacks shouldn’tRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1240 Words   |  5 Pagescontinued to pursue this goal despite the likeliness of failure? Would it still be worth it? Fences by August Wilson tells the story of an i mpoverished African-American family in the 1950s and the father Troy’s failed American Dream. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates the upper class in the Roaring Twenties and a man named Gatsby who also fails to attain his long-awaited dream. Both Wilson, in Fences, and Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby don’t believe solely in the dreamer or solely in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1307 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1990, after Paramount Pictures and playwright August Wilson came to a disagreement about the adaptation of his play Fences, Wilson published an Op-Ed in Spin magazine titled â€Å"I Want a Black Director.† The Spike Lee edited piece discussed what Wilson saw as the penultimate disagreement between himself and the studio, stating specifically: â€Å"At the time of my last meeting with Paramount Pictures in January 1990, a well-known, highly respected white director wanted very much to direct the film

Courtly Love Essay - 1342 Words

Courtly Love â€Å"‘Tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all† (Miriam-Webster 253). This quote has been used for centuries as both persuasion in favor of loving and also as comfort in times of heartbreak and loss. However, is this statement completely true, or does it offer false hope to anguishing lovers? In fact, are the rules and costs of loving and being loved so great that in fact it is actually better to never have loved at all? When pondering these questions, one must first consider the rules of loving and being loved to determine the physical, emotional, and psychological costs they entail. In order to do so, one could use Andreas Capellanus’ The Art of Courtly Love as a guideline for the rules of love.†¦show more content†¦Initially, the theme of courtly love surfaces in Undset’s story in the life of Lavrans Bjorgulfson. Lavrans, who belongs to highly regarded linage in Norway known as the sons of Lagmand, is the father of the story’s main character Kristin. Early on in his life â€Å"Lavrans was married at a young age; he was only twenty-eight...but after his marriage he lived quietly on his own estate...rather moody and melancholy and did not thrive among the people in the south† (Undset 3). In regards to this situation, Capellanus’ sixth rule of courtly love states, â€Å"Boys do not love until they arrive at the age of maturity† (Capellanus #6). After marrying his wife at an age considered young during his time, Lavrans is not mature enough respect his wife’s desire to settle in her native land and except the lifestyle he leads there. It is not until years later that Lavrans gains the maturity necessary to do so and is able to truly love his wife without holding any resentment towards her. As the story progresses, Lavrans’ wife Ragnfrid’s attraction to her husband is explained, â€Å"he was known as a strong and courageous man, but a peacef ul soul, honest and calm, humble in conduct but courtly in bearing† (Undset 4). Rule eighteen of The Art of Courtly Love says, â€Å"Good characterShow MoreRelatedThe Law of Chevalrie: Courtly Love Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesIn order for there to be a set of laws established for the knights of the Anglo-Saxon era, the law of chevalrie was created. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight has some insight into the rules of chivalry concerning one specifically: courtly love. The rules of â€Å"courtly love† require wit and deceit with an intention of good behind it. The chivalric rules in this aspect require a good and clever battle with words rather than swords. Key Passage: Smiling gently and courteously they made playful speech,Read More The Contradiction of Chivalry and Courtly Love Essays899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Contradiction of Chivalry and Courtly Love Two conflicting disciplines are prevalent throughout Arthurian Legend; that of chivalry and that of courtly love. The ideal of each clash throughout the medieval tales, and it is impossible to interfuse the two models for society. Chivalry is a masculine code, an aggressive discipline, whereas courtly love is based upon women - their needs, wants, and desires. The consistent problem if Lancelot and Guinevere’s adulterous relationship in differentRead MoreEssay on Courtly Love and Rondeau Form1428 Words   |  6 PagesCourtly Love and Rondeau Form Both Adieu mamour, adieu ma joye by Dufay and Le souvenir de vous me tue by Morton are the songs of the courtly love and, they are composed in the rondeau form. From one point of view, the form of the music, rondeau, may be too specific in terms of the melody order to express the poem of the courtly love which is about a mans feelings of distant love. However, in these two specific songs, Dufay and Morton used their clever criativities to let the repetition ofRead MoreA Brief Description of the Concept of Courtly Love1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdescription of the concept of â€Å"courtly love†, a few characteristics must be highlighted. Courtly love appeared in Provence (southern France) in the eleventh century. It consists on the expression of love in its most sincere, chivalric and noble form. It tended to be chaste and adulterous. It was also secret and, in general, always took place between the members of the higher classes of society. Andreas Capellanus defines it in The A rt of Courtly Love as â€Å"the pure love which binds together the heartsRead MoreEmpowering Women through Courtly Love Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesupon a man for her livelihood. However, in the world of courtly love, some could say that this was the first idea of goddess worship. Where the man is unable to survive without his beloved. As a result of this, her love causes him to achieve noble deeds, and become obedient to her in hopes of winning her affection. In The Lais of Marie de France, specifically Chevrefoil and Yonec, the author does not follow all of the rules of courtly love, yet she does illustrate to the reader the relationshipRead MoreCourtly Love Essay2157 Words   |  9 Pagesart of Courtly Love today? De Amore, written by Andreas Capellanus is a treatise about the art of courtly love. Douglas Kelly, in his article mentions that, â€Å"This disconcerting treatise provides us with the only true art of courtly love that we possess, but it also contains a very harsh attack against love. The antithetical attitude towards love is all the more astonishing because Andreas, although a churchman, devoted far more space to the instruction on how to love and the praise of love than toRead More A College Student’s Approach to Courtly Love Essay3059 Words   |  13 PagesA College Student’s Approach to Courtly Love The term courtly love is a highly ambiguous one. As it applies to works of literature, it spans over hundreds of years and over a half dozen countries. Hence finding its specific literary and allegorical definition and impact on literature is difficult. It is important to understand the roots of courtly love. To do so means that one gains a greater understanding of the most foundational element of any society- the relationship between men and womenRead MoreEssay about Courtly Love1043 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Middle Ages, Courtly love was a code which prescribed the conduct between a lady and her lover (Britannica). The relationship of courtly love was very much like the feudal relationship between a knight and his liege. The lover serves his beloved, in the manner a servant would. He owes his devotion and allegiance to her, and she inspires him to perform noble acts of valor (Schwartz). Capellanus writes, in The Art of Courtly Love, â€Å"A true lover considers nothing goo d except what he thinksRead MoreThe Art of Courtly Love, Consolation of Philosophy, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe Art of Courtly Love, Consolation of Philosophy, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Part 1: Consolation of Philosophy, written by Boethius 1. Boethius was a popular member of the senatorial family. He was a philosopher that agreed with Plato that government should be solely in the hands of wise men. After becoming consul, charges of treason were brought against him. He lived in a time in Roman society when everyone was mainly Christian. He was an Arian Christian and believed that ChristRead More Knighthood and Courtly Love in the Time of King Arthur Essay1753 Words   |  8 Pagesthat, Perceval loves him mother dearly. Perceval may not have been the most sophisticated man around, however, when he did know how to do something he did it exceedingly well. He could not forget his love for his God though. God was a huge factor for knights and their beliefs. â€Å"Perceval, the story relates, had lost his memory so totally that he no longer remembered God.† (Story of the Grail, 457) Once Perceval found his way back to God, he was seen as the better knight because of his love for Him. Ultimately

Reducing Guinea Worms in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa Sample Assignment

Question: Describe about the Reducing Guinea Worms in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa? Answer: Health Condition: In 1986 before the start of the campaign 3.5 million populations were estimated in 18 endemic countries of Asia, Africa who were infected by guinea worm disease and near about 120 millions of persons were at risk. Global important of the health condition: In 2009, fewer than 12,000 cases of this guinea worm disease were reported in the rest of the remaining endemic countries. Only three of the countries have reported approximately 1100 cases and the majority of the disease is reported from Sudan. Intervention or program: With financial and technical support led by United Nations Childrens Fund, the Carter Center, the World Health Organisation and the US Centres for Disease Control and prevention, Near about 20 countries implemented national eradication guinea worm program running through the health ministries. The first intervention of the campaigns includes maintaining the safe water by digging deep well, by using insecticides and purification of water by using cloth filters, education of health, management, and containment of case and surveillance. Cost-Effectiveness: The total cost of the whole program is near $87.5 million. According to the World Bank the campaign is very much cost effective. Economic rate based on the productivity of agriculture in return is approximately 29%. The cumulative cost estimated as of 2008 was near about $130 million. Impact: This eradication campaign had led to 99.8% decrease in the guinea worm disease. In 2009, fewer than 12000 cases were reported. In compared with the year 1986 near about 9 million cases of this disease have been decreased 1. As of 2009, this campaign has prevented near about 64 millions of cases of the population and reduced the number of endemic villages up to 90%. Two ways these environmental and organizational challenges were overcome. Environment Challenges: By protection of the water sources this challenges can be overcome. Prevalence of this disease can be reducing by digging deep wells or borehole wells. A proper safe drinking water service should be provided in order to meet the disease spreading 4. Improved Water sources should be provided to the agriculture in order to decrease this disease. Water can be filtered by the use of cloth filters and also insecticides can be used to overcome. Organizational Challenges: By reducing the poverty and hunger level of the countries this challenges can be decrease. Guinea worm disease is a sign of poverty as well as is a contributor of it 3. Mostly population of poor school education is associated with this disease. SO in order to overcome this challenge a universal primary education is needed to be achieve. By following this collaboration campaign program and implementing some of the principles many other diseases can be eradicated 2. Diseases like malaria can also be controlled by using insecticides in the locality, by providing safe drinking water etc. References: 1. Braune E, Xu Y. The Role of Ground Water in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ground Water. 2010;48(2):229-238. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00557.x. 2. Claude Saha J. Reducing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: the need for participatory governance. Development in Practice. 2008;18(2):267-272. doi:10.1080/09614520801899192. 3. Fenwick A. The global burden of neglected tropical diseases. Public Health. 2012;126(3):233-236. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015. 4. Jones A, Becknell S, Withers P et al. Logistics of Guinea Worm Disease Eradication in South Sudan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2014;90(3):393-401. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0110.