John Constable Essays - John Constable, Babergh, Constable, Flatford

John Constable What made Constable different from the majority of his contemporaries was his attitude towards the things that he saw. He was not, like so many other landscape artists, a conscious seeker of the picturesque. As an artist he was virtually self-taught and his periods of formal study amounted to little more than process of directive discipline. His real master was his own sensitive and perceptive eye (Peacock, 15). It was through a study of nature rather than by a study of academic principles that his artistic philosophy was evolved. It was at East Bergholt on the Suffolk side of the river Stour on 11 June 1776 that artist John Constable was born. The house where John was born is now disappeared, but its prosperous Georgian solidity exists for us in a number of his paintings (Peacock, 15). Golding, Jonh's father, was a miller and the owner of water mills at Flatford and Dedham, and two windmills at East Bergholt (Taylor, 10). The Constables were a large family, John was the fourth of six children. Though much is not recorded of John's first school experince , he was sent to Lavenham at age seven (Shirley, 39). There like most of the pupils, ill-used, he finished it in Dedham grammar school under a Dr. Thomas Grimwood. John did not do well in his studies to justify seeking a career in the church like his father had wished (Taylor, 11). In fact, Constable's only record of excellence at Dedham was in penmanship, and so he was quickly directed into the family business, becoming locally known as ?the handsome miller? (Shirly, 39). For a year John worked in his father's mills and so acquired first-hand knowledge of the miller 's trade. In the mills what John learned probably stood him in a better stead that all the formal instruction in art he would ever receive (Peacock, 16). In 1796 he went on an apprenticeship in London. John apprenticeship to John Thomas Smith, a draughtsman and engraver, known as ?Antiquity Smith?. Constable assisted by making sketches that might be used as subjects for his work. Golding Constable grew impatient and dismissed his son's taste for painting as a young man's whim, and with the need for help in the mills, Golding summons John back to Bergholt (Taylor, 17). To John, this summons could not have been more deviating, but fate was kinder than he would have expected. On February 4, 1800, Constable was admitted to the Royal Academy as a student. Golding Constable would give the allowance to cover the expenses, but it would be three years before John would win his father's consent to his becoming once and for all a painter and not a miller. Consent would be given in June of 1802, and in 1802 John exhibited for the first time at the Academy. He had made his start, but it brought neither fame nor recognition (Peacock, 18). In 1806, David Pike Watts, Constable's uncle, paid for him to make a sketching on a tour in the lakes. The tour would prove to evoke a sense of the sublime and provide him with the subjects to feed his imagination and extend his skills. Constable's legacy of the two month lake tour compromises a number of broadly washed but muddy watercolors drawins, and a few paintings (Baskett, 8). For Constable, watercolor was chiefly used, as a kind of shorthand technique by which the effects of nature could be noted more swiftly and accurately than was sometimes possible in the more opaque medium of oil. Light, he found, could be captured well enough on a sheet of white paper. The translucent tones of watercolor laid in with broad and broken washes could admirably reproduce the varied patterning of sky and clouds, as well as the forms of trees and the play of sunlight over dewy grass. With Constable it is the sensa tion of the moment that counts, especially in the layer of watercolors. For John, light becomes the means by which reality may be heightened (Taylor, 20). In the next few years John produced a rich output of oil sketches. Spending most of his time in East Bergholt, the first ten plates in this

Quotation Marks The Right Way to Use Punctuation Inside of Quotes

Quotation Marks The Right Way to Use Punctuation Inside of Quotes Quotation marks ( ) are a beloved form of punctuation in the English language, used to indicate a verbatim report on what someone said, and used in a great deal of business writing. They are often misused. This article will explain some punctuation rules and clear up some misconceptions held by many about proper usage of quotation marks with other punctuation marks. When to Put Periods and Commas Inside Quotes – The United States In the United States, commas and periods ALWAYS go INSIDE the quotation marks, whether or not the comma is actually part of the quotation. Here are some examples from some recent discussions on LinkedIn. Don’t expect this rule to be logical: CORRECT (in US): E.g. stands for â€Å"exempli gratia.† CORRECT (in US): As for [the phrase] â€Å"graduating college,† I’m not sure when it became correct. INCORRECT (in US): You are my â€Å"go-to person†. INCORRECT (in US): I was unaware of the difference [between initialisms and acronyms] until I heard it on the NPR program â€Å"A Way With Words†. INCORRECT (in US): â€Å"Its† is the possessive form of â€Å"it†, and is rare among possessives†¦ When to Put Periods and Commas Inside Quotes – The UK Australia Leave logic to the Brits. In the UK and Australia, they keep punctuation inside the quotation marks only when it is part of the quotation. For example: CORRECT (in UK): I was unaware of the difference [between initialisms and acronyms] until I heard it on the NPR program â€Å"A Way With Words†. CORRECT (in UK): You are my â€Å"go-to person†. CORRECT (in UK): â€Å"Its† is the possessive form of â€Å"it†, and is rare among possessives†¦ INCORRECT (In UK): E.g. stands for â€Å"exempli gratia.† INCORRECT (in UK): As for [the phrase] â€Å"graduating college,† I’m not sure when it became correct. When the Period or Comma is Part of the Quotation If the punctuation mark is part of the quotation, always put it inside the quotation marks! INCORRECT (everywhere): It is written, Man does not live by bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. CORRECT (everywhere): It is written, Man does not live by bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. Punctuating Letter Names Some grammarians say we should use the logical way of punctuating in the case of letters. For example: The eighth letter of the alphabet is â€Å"h†. Name three words that start with an â€Å"e†, and three that start with a â€Å"k†. I prefer to avoid this issue by italicizing the names of letters: The eighth letter of the alphabet is h. Name three words that start with an e, and three that start with a k. Exclamation Points and Question Marks When it comes to exclamation points and question marks, we all get to be logical. If the quote is a question or exclamation, include the punctuation inside the quotation marks. If it’s not, don’t. She asked, â€Å"Which way is it to the theater?† Did she say, â€Å"I absolutely love the theater, darling†? I’m so excited to see â€Å"In the Heights†! I get chills every time I hear King Richard declare, â€Å"Off with his head!† Semicolons and Colons Here’s some more good news: We get to be logical with semicolons and colons too! The following items go in the bin labeled â€Å"Paper Recycling†: magazines, newspapers, envelopes, and clean cardboard. Put magazines, newspapers, and envelopes in the bin labeled â€Å"Paper Recycling†; do not put paper towels, tissues, or greasy pizza boxes in there! (It’s so much fun to sneak a public service announcement into a grammar blog!) What if Im Canadian? All bets are off (or on, as the case may be), in Canada. Do it the way you think your readers will expect you to do it, or the way your editor requires you to do it. As far as I can tell, you get to choose unless under prescription by someone else. There are many more subtleties to the use of quotation marks. If you have questions, ask The Essay Expert. I’m happy to provide my most educated answer. If youre not already on our Grammar Writing Tips e-list and youd like more tips like this, sign up here. 😀 Log in to Reply Marji Yablon says: February 10, 2010 at 6:58 pm Up until today, I never doubted that punctuation any punctuation that wasnt part of a quote should go outside the quotation marks. After reading your post, out of curiosity, I skimmed some of my published articles. In every one of them, that little habit of mine had been corrected, so that it all agreed with the rules as you have explained them. In any back-and-forth Id done with an editor, I had failed to notice that change or maybe it had come later. So, thanks. From now on, I can give them their punctuation correctly from the start. But perhaps some day, Ill write the original version of something for a British publication. Then, Ill be able to both BE correct and FEEL correct! Log in to Reply Laurie Price says: April 24, 2012 at 8:34 am Re: What if Im Canadian? There is something called mid-Atlantic style, which I think of as a euphemism for Canadian. I have Canadian clients who request that I use: The Economist Styleguide which includes your suggestions for quote marks (in fact, their section on quote marks is fairly extensive), and for spelling issues, The New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors. My Canadian friends have verified this they spell analyze as analyse, and categorize as categorise, yet realize, memorize and finalize are spelled how we would spell them. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 1:44 pm Per British punctuation, are these correct? 1. I dont like his pithy sentence It is what it is. (Full stop outside?) 2. The sign said Keep off the Grass. (Full stop outside?) 3. I like the old adage A stitch in time saves nine. (Full stop outside?) 4. His email said, There will be a mandatory meeting on January 1, 2013 at Town Hall. Please be punctual. (Full stop outside?) 5. The signs Beware of dog, Swim at your own risk, Trespassers will be arrested and Shoplifters will be prosecuted were posted throughout the village. (Commas outside mid-sentence quotes?) Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 20, 2013 at 1:50 pm I believe the periods should be inside the quotation marks in #1, #3 and #4 since the periods are part of the quoted sentences. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 1:51 pm One more, please. Im thinking that No 2 below is correct with the ending punctuation like this (.) – the full stop inside both the double and single quote per British style. Am I right? If not, which is preferred and why? 1) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. 2) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. 3) Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. Thank you. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 20, 2013 at 2:22 pm Again, since the quoted sentences include periods, I would put the periods inside the quotation marks. I would choose #2: Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position. In the United States, it would be: Mike said, I heard Judith say, Im not interested in the management position.' Log in to Reply Mike says: March 20, 2013 at 11:05 pm Thank you. Last questions on this. Again, per *British* style, would the commas separate the questions after the exclamation points and question marks? 1) Barry hated his wifes How much did you drink?, How late were you out? and Did you cheat on me? questions. 2) When she screamedGet the hell out of here!, the children got scared. 3) When he said, Be careful what you wish for, most people listened. (Comma outside the the single quote after the word for?) 4) I called his mother a purveyor of malicious quips. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 21, 2013 at 12:43 am My best take on these: #1: I believe this sentence is correctly punctuated. #2: I dont think the comma is necessary here at all. #3: The comma here should be inside the quotation mark because it replaces the period. I know, its confusing. #4: Why are there two sets of quotation marks here? Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 5:50 am Thank you. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 5:59 am In lieu of #4 (to more accurately depict the example), I believe this to be correct. Of course, I dont want to use italics here. Again, this is per BrE style. Im not sure whether I can define the word tergiversate. When they asked me to define the word tergiversate, I couldnt. (Comma outside of tergiversate mid-sentence as exampled?) Thats all I have on this subject. Youve been great, and I thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. Have a nice day! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: March 21, 2013 at 9:58 am In both these examples again I dont see the need for the double sets of quotation marks! Do you mean to ask about a sentence where someone said these things? He said, Im not sure whether I can define the word tergiversate. She complained, When they asked me to define the word tergiversate, I couldnt. Sometimes a better solution is to write the sentence in a different way so as to avoid these issues! For instance, He said that he was not sure whether he could define the word tergiversate. Log in to Reply Mike says: March 21, 2013 at 1:29 pm Yes. All I wanted to know was if somebody said it, would the sentence end as I had it – (.) Thank you for your time. Log in to Reply Avi Green says: May 29, 2018 at 1:59 pm Thank you! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 30, 2018 at 11:14 am Youre welcome, Avi! Log in to Reply

Effective Project Financial Management Tools Case Study

Effective Project Financial Management Tools - Case Study Example However the above mentioned studies will not be discussed in details. This paper will only evaluate the effectiveness of using cost estimations and budget in financial management project of the two companies. Project financial management is a process which brings together planning, budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, internal control, auditing, procurement, disbursement and the physical performance of the project with the aim of managing project resources properly and achieving the project's development objectives (world bank group). Financial management is the main character for the success of a project process. An accurate and relevant financial information provides a basis for better decisions, thus speeding up the progress of the project and the availability of the funds. An effective financial management provides the following: An effective financial management system is vital for projects because of the need to deliver services to target groups quickly over a large geographic area to a wide variety of stakeholders. One of the tools in financial management that is widely used is the Cost estimation and budget. Budgets are the financial work plan for projects, programs and organizations. Budgets that work are based on realistic assumptions, use good cost estimates and come from organizational processes that include board and staff members (J. Rouse, P.Rouse). Project financial management processes are organized into five groups of one or more processes each: Initiating processes-authorizing the project or phase. Planning processes-defining and refining objectives and selecting the best of the alternative courses of action to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to address. Executing processes-coordinating people and other resources to carry out the plan. Controlling processes-ensuring that project objectives are met by monitoring and measuring progress regularly to identify variances from plan so that corrective action can be taken when necessary. Closing processes-formalizing acceptance of the project or phase and bringing it to an orderly end. Cost Estimations and Budgets In the financial management done by the ISS (International Space Station) for NASA has shown that the cost growth is contributed to many factors that are beyond the control of the project manager. The Project Manager was not able to clearly communicate the justification for his budget requests and the rationale for the cost growth because NASA has lacked a single standardized accounting system and the program has not developed and maintained a baseline lifecycle cost estimate. Past efforts to control costs through budgetary constraints have failed to achieve their stated purpose and have probably exacerbated the cost growth. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) was not able to determine the reasons for the cost increases because the data is not readily available from the Federal Highway Administration.